Industrialization, 1865-1900

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C. F. Dowd's plan for 24 time zones, 1870; Novemer 18, 1883</div> <div>      Economy:  mining, ranching, farming</div> <div>      Admission of Western States:  NV, CO, SD, ND, MT, WA, ID, WY. </div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Surveying the West</b></I></div> <div>      John Wesley Powell, 1869, 1872</div> <div>      Clarence King (contour lines, USGS), 40<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> parallel</div> <div>      Nathaniel Langford and Henry D. Washburn, Yellowstone</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Cowboys, 1867-1887</b></I></div> <div>      Cow towns:  Abilene, Dodge City</div> <div>                Bars and brothels</div> <div>      Cattle Drives</div> <div>           Chisholm Trail, 1867</div> <div>           Goodknight-Loving Trail</div> <div>      Violence</div> <div>           Myth or reality?</div> <div>      End of the cattle culture, 1890s</div> <div>           1.  Invention of Barbed Wire, 1874</div> <div>                Joseph Glidden</div> <div>                Patent</div> <div>           2.</div> <div>           3.</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Indians </b></I></div> <div>      <B>Native American Indian themes</b></div> <div> Diversity</div> <div> Complexity</div> <div> Adapted to, and altered, natural environment</div> <div> Persistence</div> <div> <B>Native American Indian Stereotypes</b></div> <div> Pan-Indianism, unified culture</div> <div> Uncivilized Savages, Noble Savages</div> <div> The Environmental Indian</div> <div> Myth of the Vanishing Indian; assimilation, extermination</div> <bR> <div>      </div> <div> <B>Major Indian Groups Resisting</b></div> <div>           Sioux (Teton, Hunkpapa, Oglala, Lakota)</div> <div>           Cheyenne, Comanche, Navajo (Dine), Apache</div> <bR> <div>      <B>Methods of Displacing Indians</b></div> <div>           Reservations</div> <div>           Treaties</div> <div>           Armed Conflict</div> <div>                Union generals sent west</div> <div>                     Phil Sheridan</div> <div>                     William Tecumseh Sherman</div> <div>           Settlement:  Oklahoma Sooners, 1889</div> <div>           Destruction of Indian Economy and Lifestyle:  Buffalo</div> <bR> <div>      <B>The Indian Wars - Three Major Events</b></div> <div> <B>Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876</b> ("Custer's Last Stand")</div> <div> General George Armstrong Custer</div> <div>      Black Hills, SD</div> <div>      Ft. Laramie Treaty, 1868</div> <div>      Sioux</div> <div> Sitting Bull</div> <div> Crazy Horse</div> <div>      </div> <div> <B>Flight of the Nez Perce, 1877</b></div> <div> Chief Joseph, "Thunder Rolling From the Mountains"</div> <div>      "I will fight no more forever"</div> <div> General Oliver O. Howard</div> <div>      Freedmen's Bureau</div> <div>      Howard University</div> <div> General Nelson Miles</div> <div> (Richard White's "middle ground" thesis)</div> <bR> <div> <B>Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890</b></div> <div> Big Foot</div> <div> Ghost Dance</div> <div> Wovoka</div> <div> Occupation of Pine Ridge, American Indian Movement, 1973</div> <bR> <div> <B>The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887</b></div> <div>           "in severalty"</div> <div> <B>"Education"</b></div> <div>     Carlisle Indian School, PA.</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>The West of the Imagination</b></I></div> <div>      Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show</div> <div>           Buffalo Bill Cody</div> <div>      "Cowboys and Indians" and Hollywood Westerns</div> <div>           John Wayne</div> <div>      Visual Art</div> <div> George Catlin, Frederic Remington, Charles M. Russell, Albert Bierstadt<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >, </FONT>Thomas Moran</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>The Closing of the Frontier</b></I></div> <div>      Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in  </div> <div> American History," 1893.</div> <div>      Census of 1890</div> <div>      American qualities:</div> <div>      Source of American qualities:</div> <bR> <div> <B>A final thought on the "Wild" West</b>:  Chief Luther Standing Bear, 1933</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <I><B>The Rise of Big Business, 1865-1920</b></I></div> <bR> <div> <B>Inventions</b></div> <div>      Patents</div> <div>      Railroads</div> <div>           Pullman sleeping car</div> <div>      Samuel F. B. Morse, Telegraph, 1844</div> <div>      Joseph Glidden, barbed wire, 1874</div> <div>      Thomas A. Edison</div> <div>           Menlo Park, NJ, 1876</div> <div> Phonograph, 1877; first efficient incandescent light bulb, 1879; improved motion </div> <div> picture projector, 1897; alkaline storage battery, 1900.</div> <div>      Electric utility industry</div> <div>           George Westinghouse, Alternating Current</div> <div>      Alexander Graham Bell, American Telephone and Telegraph Company</div> <div>           Telephone, 1876</div> <div>      George Eastman, Kodak camera, paper-based film, 1888.</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Business and Culture</b></I></div> <div>      Mail-order catalogs:  Montgomery Ward, 1872; Sears, Roebuck and </div> <div> Company</div> <div>      Grocery and Chain Stores:  Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P)</div> <div>           "five and dime" stores - F. W. Woolworth, 1879</div> <div>      Brand names:  Coca-Cola, Campbell's Soup, Nabisco Crackers, </div> <div> Kellogg's cereals</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Business Developments</b></I></div> <div>      Corporation</div> <div>           Shares</div> <div>           Stocks</div> <div>           Dividends</div> <div>      Monopoly</div> <div>      Merger</div> <div>      Pool</div> <div>      Trust</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Entrepreneurs</b></I></div> <div>      Andrew Carnegie</div> <div>           Carnegie Steel</div> <div>           Vertical Integration</div> <div>           Bessemer process</div> <div>           Homestead</div> <div>           Henry Clay Frick</div> <div> Philanthropy</div> <div> How do you get to Carnegie Hall?</div> <div>      John D. Rockefeller</div> <div>           Standard Oil Company</div> <div>           Horizontal Integration</div> <div>      Cyrus W. Field</div> <div>      Jay Gould</div> <div>      J. Pierpont Morgan</div> <div>           Carnegie Steel -> U.S. Steel, 1901</div> <div>      Henry Ford</div> <div>           Assembly line, mass production, 1913</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Attitudes and Values</b></I></div> <div>      Horatio Alger's novels</div> <div>           Self-help</div> <div>      Laissez-faire</div> <div>           Adam Smith, <I>The Wealth of Nations</I>, 1776</div> <div>           Invisible hand, market forces (supply and demand)</div> <div>           Free enterprise system</div> <div>      Social Darwinism</div> <div>      Critiques</div> <div>           "robber barons" or "captains of industry"?</div> <div>           Mark Twain, "The Gilded Age"</div> <div>      Discipline and productivity</div> <div>           Graham crackers</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Government Policies Toward Business</b></I></div> <div>      In general:</div> <div> Early stages</div> <div> Laissez-faire</div> <div>           Assistance: land grants to railroads, high tariffs, few limits on </div> <div> immigration</div> <div>      <B>Regulation</b></div> <div>           Supreme Court Decisions</div> <div>                <I>Munn v. Illinois</I>, 1877</div> <div>                <I>Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway v. Illinois</I>, 1886</div> <div>           Interstate Commerce Act, 1887</div> <div>                Interstate Commerce Commission</div> <div>           Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890</div> <div>                "in restraint of trade or commerce"</div> <div>                <I>United States v. E.C. Knight Company</I>, 1895</div> <div>                Holding companies</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>New Patterns of Work</b></I></div> <div>      Industrial working conditions:</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Rise of Organized Labor</b></I></div> <div>      <B>Strategies</b></div> <div> Collective bargaining</div> <div>           Strike</div> <bR> <bR> <div>      <B>Unions</b></div> <div>  Knights of Labor, 1860s - 1890s</div> <div>                Terence Powderly</div> <div>  Skilled and unskilled labor, women, African-Americans, immigrants</div> <div>                Eight-hour day, end to child labor, equal opportunities</div> <div>   American Federation of Labor, AFL, 1886</div> <div>                Samuel Gompers</div> <div>                Collection of craft unions (skilled workers in similar trades)</div> <div>                "bread-and-butter" issues</div> <div>                Not welcoming to women, African-Americans, immigrants</div> <div>   International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, ILGWU, 1910</div> <div>                Sweatshops</div> <div>                Pauline Newman, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, 1911</div> <div>   United Mine Workers of America; Mother Jones</div> <div>   International Workers of the World, IWW</div> <div>      <B>Other alternatives</b></div> <div>           Socialism</div> <div>                Eugene V. Debs</div> <div>           Communism</div> <bR> <div>      <B>Labor Conflict, Four Key Events</b></div> <div>           1.  Great Railway Strike, 1877</div> <div>                Rutherford B. Hayes</div> <div>     2.  Haymarket Square Riot, 1886</div> <div> Chicago, McCormick harvester plant</div> <div> anarchists</div> <div> Consequences for Knights of Labor</div> <div> 3.  Homestead Strike, 1892</div> <div> Carnegie Steel plant, Homestead, PA.</div> <div> 4.  Pullman Strike, 1894</div> <div> Company town</div> <div> American Railway Union, Eugene V. Debs</div> <div> Injunction</div> <div> <I>In re Debs</I>, 1895</div> <bR> <div> <B>Immigration and Urbanization</b></div> <bR> <div> Colonial Immigration:</div> <div> Old Immigration:</div> <div> New Immigration:</div> <div>      Ellis Island</div> <div>      Angel Island</div> <div> <I><B>Theories of Immigration</b></I></div> <div>      Melting Pot</div> <div>           Assimilation</div> <div>      Cultural Pluralism</div> <div>           "salad bowl"</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <I><B>Reactions Against Immigration</b></I></div> <div> Nativism</div> <div>      Know-Nothing Party (American Party)</div> <div>      Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882</div> <div>      Gentlemen's Agreement, 1907-08</div> <div>      Literacy Test, 1917</div> <div>      Emergency Quota Act of 1921</div> <div>      National Origins Quota Act of 1924</div> <div>      National Origins Act of 1929</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Urbanization</b></I></div> <div>      Classes</div> <div>           Workers and poor</div> <div>           Middle Class</div> <div>                Leisure:  sewing, phonographs, concerts, outdoor recreation, bicycling</div> <div>                     Baseball:  Cincinnati Red Stockings</div> <div>                     National League, 1876; American League, 1901; World Series, 1903</div> <div>                     Boxing, football, basketball (1891)</div> <div>           Wealthy</div> <div>                Summer homes, mansions, charity</div> <div>      Negative Effects</div> <div>           Housing:  tenements</div> <div>           Health:  disease, poor water and sanitation, poor diet</div> <div>           Politics</div> <div>                Political machines</div> <div>                     Boss</div> <div>                     kickback</div> <div>                     William Marcy Tweed, Tammany Hall</div> <div>                     Thomas Nast</div> <bR> <div>      Positive Effects</div> <div>           New technologies:  Skyscraper, elevator; gas and electric lights</div> <div>                Brooklyn Bridge, 1883; George Washington Roebling</div> <div> Mass transit:  subways, elevated trains, streetcars</div> <div>           Culture:  museums, concert halls, parks, theaters; magazines, newspapers, novels</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Next Units:</U></b></div> <div> <B>Progressive Era</b> (America responds to the conditions brought about by Industrialization)</div> <div>      Populism, Reform, Conservation, Regulation of Business</div> <div> <B>America As a World Power</b></div> <div>      American Imperialism, Entry into WWI</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>