Enlightenment Outline

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</div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="04964643.gif"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=390 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I><B>Enlightenment Outline</b></I></div> <div> <B>AP European History</b></div> <div> <B>Dr. Weiselberg</b></div> <div> <B>Unit Outline               </b><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000000" FACE="ELEGANCE" >The Enlightenment</FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="232437a0.jpg" border=0 width="67" height="122" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="234357e0.gif" border=0 width="53" height="126" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="23649830.jpg" border=0 width="73" height="131" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="2387b870.jpg" border=0 width="123" height="135" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>Basic Principles:</b></div> <div> <B>     Nature</b></div> <bR> <div> <B>     Reason</b></div> <bR> <div> <B>     Progress</b></div> <div>           Happiness</div> <div>           Liberty</div> <bR> <div> <B>Background:</b></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <I><B>Philosophes</b></I></div> <div>      <B>Voltaire</b></div> <div>      Francois Marie Arouet</div> <div>      "ecrasez l'infame"</div> <div>           enemy of intolerance, prejudice, superstition</div> <div>           <I>Candide</I>, 1759</div> <div> <I>     </I>          Dr. Pangloss</div> <div>                Leibniz</div> <div>                Metaphysico-theologo-cosmolonigology</div> <div>      <B>Montesquieu</b></div> <div>           <I>On the Spirit of Laws</I>, 1748</div> <div>           Separation of powers</div> <div>                Checks and balances</div> <div>                Legislative, Executive, Judicial</div> <div> <B>Jean Jacques Rousseau</b></div> <div>           State of nature</div> <div>           <I>Discourse on the Arts and Sciences</I>, 1750</div> <div>                Q:  Has the advancement of science been beneficial to humankind?</div> <div>                Rousseau's answer:  </div> <div>                     because:</div> <div>           <I>The Social Contract</I>, 1762</div> <div>                "Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains"</div> <div>                Direct democracy</div> <div> General will</div> <div>           <I>Emile</I>, 1762   education, pedagogy</div> <div>                Developmental stages</div> <div>           Romanticism</div> <bR> <div>      <B>Cesare Beccaria</b></div> <div>           <I>On Crimes and Punishments</I>, 1764</div> <div>      <B>Denis Diderot</b></div> <div>           <I>Encyclopedia</I>, 1751-</div> <div>      <B>Marquis de Condorcet</b></div> <div>           <I>Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind</I>, 1793</div> <div>      <B>Edward Gibbon</b></div> <div>           <I>Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</I></div> <div>      <B>David Hume</b></div> <div>           <I>An Inquiry Into Human Nature</I></div> <div>           Miracles</div> <div>           Causation, cause and effect</div> <div>      <B>Immanuel Kant</b></div> <div>           <I>What is Enlightenment?</I></div> <div>           Sapere Aude, Dare to Know!</div> <div>           <I>Critique of Pure Reason</I>, 1781 (epistemology, the true) </div> <div>           <I>Critique of Practical Reason</I>, 1788 (morals, the good)</div> <div>           <I>Critique of Judgement</I>, 1790 (art, aesthetics, the beautiful)</div> <div>           Problems with Empiricists:</div> <div>           Problems with Rationalists:</div> <div>           Solution:</div> <bR> <div>                noumena</div> <div>                phenomena</div> <div>                analytic a priori</div> <div>                synthetic a priori</div> <div> The Categorical Imperative</div> <div>                "Act as if the maxim of your actions were to become, through your </div> <div> will, a universal law."</div> <bR> <div>           </div> <div>      <B>Adam $mith</b></div> <div>           <I>The Wealth of Nations</I>, 1776</div> <div>           Capitalism</div> <div>           Laissez-faire</div> <div>           Market forces</div> <div>           Invisible hand</div> <div>           Role for govt:</div> <bR> <div> <B>Salons</b></div> <div>      Marie-Therese Geoffrin</div> <div>      "Republic of Letters"</div> <div>      </div> <bR> <div>  <B>The Enlightenment and Women</b></div> <div>      Salons</div> <div>      Mary Wollstonecraft, <I>A Vindication of the Rights of Woman</I>, 1792</div> <div>      Emilie du Chatelet</div> <div> <B>The Enlightenment and Child-rearing</b></div> <div>      Earlier attitude:</div> <div>      Earlier practices:</div> <div>      New attitude:</div> <bR> <div>      New practices:</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Enlightenment and Politics</b></div> <div>      <B>Political Theory</b></div> <div> Purpose of government:</div> <div> Thomas Hobbes, <I>Leviathan</I>, 1651</div> <div>      John Locke, <I>Two Treatises on Government</I>, 1690</div> <div>           Natural rights</div> <div>           Inalienable rights</div> <div> Life, liberty and property</div> <div>           Consent of the governed</div> <div>           Right to overthrow the government if it fails or abuses power</div> <div>      Jean-Jacques Rousseau, General Will</div> <bR> <div>      <B>Enlightened Absolutism</b></div> <div>           Frederick II of Prussia</div> <div>                Codify Prussian Law</div> <div>                Invited Voltaire to his court</div> <div>                Allowed Catholics and Jews to settle in Prussia (formerly Lutheran)</div> <div>           Joseph II of Austria, Holy Roman Empire</div> <div>                Abolishment of serfdom</div> <div> Edicts of Toleration, 1781</div> <div>                     Freedom of worship for Jews, Lutherans, Calvinists</div> <div>           Catherine the Great, Russia</div> <div>                Peter the Great - Westernization of Russia</div> <div>                     St. Petersburg, new capital</div> <div>                Revise and codify Russian law</div> <bR> <div>      <B>American Revolution</b></div> <div>           George III</div> <div>           Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776</div> <div>                Thomas Jefferson</div> <div>           French support of the colonists</div> <div>           U.S. Constitution:  an Enlightenment document (see chart in textbook)</div> <div>      </div> <bR> <bR> <div> The Enlightenment  <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/ENLIGHT.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/ENLIGHT."><U><U>http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/ENLIGHT.htm</U></U></A></FONT></div> <div> Rousseau in postcards  <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.unige.ch/cite-uni/rousseau/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.unige.ch/cite-uni/rousseau/"><U><U>http://www.unige.ch/cite-uni/rousseau/</U></U></A></FONT></div> <div> Voltaire's <I>Candid</I>e   <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.literature.org/authors/voltaire/candide/chapter-01.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.literature.org/authors/voltai"><U><U>http://www.literature.org/authors/voltaire/candide/chapter-01.html</U></U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div>                </div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>