Politics, 1815-1914

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Age of Isms)</b></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Conservatism, Romanticism and Reaction, Reviewed</b></I></div> <div> Metternich</div> <div> Concert of Europe</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Liberalism</b></I></div> <div> John Stuart Mill</div> <div> Utilitarianism; Jeremy Bentham</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Revolutions of 1848</b></I></div> <div> Socialism, Utopianism; Robert Own</div> <div> Marxism, Communism; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels</div> <div> <B>     </b>Historical Materialism, Dialectics</div> <div>      Class Struggle</div> <div>      Surplus Value Theory</div> <div>      Dictatorship of the Proletariat</div> <div> Radicals vs Liberals</div> <div>      Radicals - economic issues</div> <div>      Liberals - political issues</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Revolutions of 1848, General Causes</b></I></div> <div> Poor agriculture</div> <div> Economy - industry and working poor</div> <div> Nationalism - Italy, Germany</div> <div> Continued growth and suppression of democracy</div> <div> France first, then Germany and others</div> <bR> <div> <B>Crimean War, 1854-1856</b></div> <div> Russia vs. England, France and Ottoman Empire</div> <div>      (liberal, nationalist, bourgeois West vs. East's autocracy, opposition to nationalism</div> <div> English fears of Russian expansionism</div> <div> “Charge of the Light Brigade”, Tennyson (stupidity of warfare)</div> <div> Disease; birth of modern nursing profession</div> <div>      Florence Nightingale</div> <div> Concert of Europe dead</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Imperialism</b></I></div> <div> Berlin Conference</div> <div> Africa, Asia, India, Latin America</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Comparing England and France, Again; Modern Constitutional Democracy</b></I></div> <div> <B>England</b>: </div> <div> Great Reform Bill, 1832</div> <div> Chartist Movement</div> <div> Gladstone and Disreali</div> <div> Legalization of labor unions, free public education, social welfare state</div> <div> Crystal Palace, 1851</div> <div> Queen Victoria, Victorian Age</div> <bR> <div> <B>France: </b></div> <div> Bourbon Reaction (Louis XVIII, Charles X)</div> <div> Censorship, ban on political meetings</div> <div> Revolution of 1830</div> <div>      Delacroix, <I>Liberty Leading the People</I></div> <div> Revolution of 1848</div> <div>      Political meeting canceled by govt -> revolt</div> <div>      Course of rev:  liberals vs. radicals.  Radicals revolt, bad image; Liberals win.</div> <div> Louis Phillipe, “bourgeoisie king,” 1830-1848</div> <div> Second Republic, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte</div> <div> (Emperor Napoleon III, Second French Empire), 1852</div> <div> Law and order and conservatism</div> <div> Georges Hausmann (1809-1891)</div> <div>      Paris:  medieval->modern</div> <div>      Aqueducts, sewers -> removal of cholera</div> <div>      “You found Paris stinking and left it sweet.”</div> <div> Foreign policy blunders (Crimean War 1854, Franco-Prussian War, 1870)</div> <div> Third Republic, 1871</div> <div> Suppression of Paris Commune, 1871 </div> <div> (Paris Commune - anarchy arising out of Franco-Prussian War)</div> <div> multiparty system, govt fell dozens of times</div> <div> Dreyfus Affair, 1894-1899</div> <div>      Anti-semitism</div> <div> From old liberalism (laissez-faire govt) </div> <div> To new liberalism (extension of suffrage and improvement of living conditions for all).</div> <bR> <div> <B>Canada</b></div> <div> Native Americans</div> <div> French trappers and Catholic missionaries</div> <div> <B>     </b>Coexistence, trading</div> <div> French and Indian War, 1763 ends French control, establishes British (Prot.) control</div> <div> 1800s - Canadian Middle Class want self-rule, French want independence</div> <div> Durham Report, 1839</div> <div>      GB not want another American Revolution</div> <div>      2 Reforms</div> <div> Make French assimilate into British culture of Canada</div> <div> Allow Canada to govern itself on internal matters</div> <div> (English Parliament on foreign policy only)</div> <div> Dominion of Canada</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">result of Durham Rept</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">central govt for Canada, yet still part of Empire</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">encourage immigration; workforce in factories</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">encourage western expansion, transcontinental RR</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Ireland</b></I></div> <div> Background:  1100, Pope granted control of Ireland to English king</div> <div> Irish = separate culture, resented English presence</div> <div> English kings encourage English/Scottish settlement on Ireland</div> <div> (Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, Oliver Cromwell - Protestants)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">English = official language</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Taxes to Church of Ireland (Protestant)</div> <div> 1801 Ireland becomes part of Great Britain</div> <div> 1840s Potato famine; a plant fungus ruined potato crops (potatoes = New World)</div> <div> Home Rule</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">local control over internal matters</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">refused by GB</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">WWI put Irish Question on hold</div> <div> 1921 GB divides Ireland</div> <div>      Northern Ireland (Ulster) = British</div> <div>      Ireland = Irish Free State</div> <div> 1998 Peace agreement</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>