Sci Rev Outline
AP European History
Dr. Weiselberg
The Scientific Revolution

 
Science Before the 17th C.
The Medieval View
          Magic, superstition, common sense, ancient/classical authority, religion
          Scholasticism
               Thomas Aquinas
          Astronomy
          Geocentric theory; Aristotle, Ptolemy
               Crystalline spheres

Renaissance
          Leonardo Da Vinci; isolated genius
          Rediscovery of classical works
          Influence of Arab scholars
          Values:  skepticism, rationalism, secularism

Montaigne
          Essay
          "What do I know?  Nothing"

Science and the Scientific Method
     Epistemology
     Observation
     Empiricism
     Induction
     Deduction
     Objectivity (vs. subjectivity)
     Sci method:  
       observation -> problem/question ->hypothesis ->experiment
 ->analysis/conclusion


Heliocentric theory
     Nicolaus Copernicus, Concerning the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies
     Tycho Brahe     
Johannes Kepler
     Galileo Galilei
          Starry Messenger
          Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
          Pendulum
          Telescope
          Jupiter
          Speed of falling objects
          The Inquisition
          Cardinal Bellarmine
          Experimental method


Science in the 17th Century:
Francis Bacon
     Empiricism
     Induction
     Novum Organum (1620)
     Knowledge = power
     Truth = usefulness

Rene Descartes
     Discourse on Method (1637)
     Deduction
     Cogito, ergo sum
     Cartesian coordinates
     Cartesian dualism
     Thinking substance
     Extended substance
     a priori
     innate     
John Locke
     An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)
     Tabula rasa
     Empiricism
     Role of environment and education     

Isaac Newton
     Principia Mathematica (1687)
     Natural laws
     Mechanical laws
     Universal laws
     Gravity
     Deism
The Argyle Sock History of Philosophy
(you've gotta see it to believe it!)



Medicine
     Anton von Leeuwenhoek
     Andreas Vesalius
Galen
Dissection
     William Harvey, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628)
     Edward Jenner
          Smallpox

Chemistry
     Robert Boyle, The Skeptical Chemist (1661)
          Aristotle's 4 elements:
          Boyles law
     Joseph Priestly
     Antoine Lavoisier
          Oxygen

Societies
     Royal Society of London
     French Academy of Sciences

Scientific Instruments
     Microscope
     Barometer
     Thermometer
          Gabriel Fahrenheit
          Anders Celsius
Political Theory After the Changes in Science
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
       The Sovereign
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (1680)
      Natural rights
     Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence (1776)
Popular Culture
     Effects of Sci Rev on everyday life:
     Persistence of old ideas and practices:  bloodletting, leeching.