Politics, 1815-1914
AP European History
Politics, 1815-1914, Outline
(Growth and Suppression of Democracy in Europe; Age of Isms)
Conservatism, Romanticism and Reaction, Reviewed
Metternich
Concert of Europe
Liberalism
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism; Jeremy Bentham
Revolutions of 1848
Socialism, Utopianism; Robert Own
Marxism, Communism; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Historical Materialism, Dialectics
Class Struggle
Surplus Value Theory
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Radicals vs Liberals
Radicals - economic issues
Liberals - political issues
Revolutions of 1848, General Causes
Poor agriculture
Economy - industry and working poor
Nationalism - Italy, Germany
Continued growth and suppression of democracy
France first, then Germany and others
Crimean War, 1854-1856
Russia vs. England, France and Ottoman Empire
(liberal, nationalist, bourgeois West vs. East's autocracy, opposition to nationalism
English fears of Russian expansionism
“Charge of the Light Brigade”, Tennyson (stupidity of warfare)
Disease; birth of modern nursing profession
Florence Nightingale
Concert of Europe dead
Imperialism
Berlin Conference
Africa, Asia, India, Latin America
Comparing England and France, Again; Modern Constitutional Democracy
England:
Great Reform Bill, 1832
Chartist Movement
Gladstone and Disreali
Legalization of labor unions, free public education, social welfare state
Crystal Palace, 1851
Queen Victoria, Victorian Age
France:
Bourbon Reaction (Louis XVIII, Charles X)
Censorship, ban on political meetings
Revolution of 1830
Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People
Revolution of 1848
Political meeting canceled by govt -> revolt
Course of rev: liberals vs. radicals. Radicals revolt, bad image; Liberals win.
Louis Phillipe, “bourgeoisie king,” 1830-1848
Second Republic, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
(Emperor Napoleon III, Second French Empire), 1852
Law and order and conservatism
Georges Hausmann (1809-1891)
Paris: medieval->modern
Aqueducts, sewers -> removal of cholera
“You found Paris stinking and left it sweet.”
Foreign policy blunders (Crimean War 1854, Franco-Prussian War, 1870)
Third Republic, 1871
Suppression of Paris Commune, 1871
(Paris Commune - anarchy arising out of Franco-Prussian War)
multiparty system, govt fell dozens of times
Dreyfus Affair, 1894-1899
Anti-semitism
From old liberalism (laissez-faire govt)
To new liberalism (extension of suffrage and improvement of living conditions for all).
Canada
Native Americans
French trappers and Catholic missionaries
Coexistence, trading
French and Indian War, 1763 ends French control, establishes British (Prot.) control
1800s - Canadian Middle Class want self-rule, French want independence
Durham Report, 1839
GB not want another American Revolution
2 Reforms
Make French assimilate into British culture of Canada
Allow Canada to govern itself on internal matters
(English Parliament on foreign policy only)
Dominion of Canada
result of Durham Reptcentral govt for Canada, yet still part of Empire
encourage immigration; workforce in factories
encourage western expansion, transcontinental RR
Ireland
Background: 1100, Pope granted control of Ireland to English king
Irish = separate culture, resented English presence
English kings encourage English/Scottish settlement on Ireland
(Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, Oliver Cromwell - Protestants)
English = official language
Taxes to Church of Ireland (Protestant)
1801 Ireland becomes part of Great Britain
1840s Potato famine; a plant fungus ruined potato crops (potatoes = New World)
Home Rule
local control over internal matters
refused by GB
WWI put Irish Question on hold
1921 GB divides Ireland
Northern Ireland (Ulster) = British
Ireland = Irish Free State
1998 Peace agreement
