Cold War
Themes:
1. Split of Communism (China and Soviet Union)
2. Foreign Policy of Containment
3. Limited War in an Atomic Age
The United Nations
General Assembly
Security Council
10 rotating members, 5 permanent
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Eleanor Roosevelt
The “Iron Curtain” Speech, Winston Churchill
The Truman Doctrine, 1947
Greece and Turkey
Containment
The Marshall Plan, 1947
The Common Market (European Economic Community, EEC), 1957
- to set prices and regulate industry, improve internal trade
European Union (EU), 1990s
European Parliament: legislative branch of EU
“Euro” - new common currency
Germany
Yalta Conference, 1945: Occupation Zones
Berlin Blockade, 1948
Berlin Airlift, 1948-49
Partition of Germany, 1949:
West (Federal Republic of Germany
East (German Democratic Republic)
Berlin Wall, 1961-1989
Re-unification of Germany, 1990
Alliance systems
NATO, 1949
Warsaw Pact, 1955
Two events of 1949
Communism in China
Soviets test atomic bomb
Containment in Asia
Japan: Reconstruction of Japan by US, “MacArthur Constitution”
China: Success of Communism, Mao Zedong (1949)
Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalists) to Taiwan
Containment in Asia: The Korean War
38th parallel
North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Communist)
South Korea, Republic of Korea, (non-Communist), Syngman Rhee
Themes: 1. Split of Communism (China and Soviet Union)
2. Application of Containment
3. Limited War in an Atomic Age
Stages: 1. June 25, 1950: N. Korea invades S. Korea
2. MacArthur and Inchon Landing
3. China crosses Yalu River, enters war
Truman dismisses MacArthur
1953 Stalemate and truce
Present-day issues involving North Korea and South Korea
Arms Race
Stockpiling
ICBMs
Space Race
Sputnik, 1957
Apollo 11, 1969
Cold War under Eisenhower
Massive Retaliation
“New Look”
John Foster Dulles
Brinksmanship
Domino theory
SEATO - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Nikita Kruschev
U-2 Incident, Francis Gary Powers
Communism in Eastern Europe
Hungary and Poland, 1956
Czechoslavakia, 1968
Yugoslavia, Tito, 1945-1991
Serbia, Slobodan Milosevic, ethnic cleansing
Middle East
Iran - 1954, Prime Minister tries to nationalize foreign-owned oil industry, US
restores shah (royal ruler)
Egypt -Gamal Abdel Nasser, Aswan Dam, Suez Canal
Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957
Latin America
Guatemala, 1954
Cuba
Fidel Castro, Fulgencio Batista
Cold War at Home
HUAC, House Un-American Activities Committee, 1938-1960s
Blacklisting
Hollywood Ten
The Smith Act, 1940
Dennis v. United States, 1951
Loyalty Oaths, 1947
Robert Oppenheimer's case
Alger Hiss
Whittaker Chambers
Richard Nixon
McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy
Fall of McCarthyism (Communists in the army??)
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
McCarran Internal Security Act, 1953
Guiding Questions:
How did the US respond to the expansion of Communism in Europe? In Asia? What are
the connections in US policy between Europe and Asia?
Compare and contrast the international role of the US following WWII and WWI.
How might today's situation had been different if the US had not applied the Truman
Doctrine? The Marshall Plan? The formation of NATO?
Was the Cold War inevitable?
How did US support for “self-determination” conflict with the Soviet Union's desire for
security in Eastern Europe at the end of WWII?
How did the US respond to the Communist threat at home? To what degree were those
responses “American” or “un-American”?
What constitutional values were sacrificed in responding to the Communist threat?
How did the second Red Scare compare with the first Red Scare?
Compare the foreign and domestic policies of the 1920s with the 1950s.
What has “McCarthyism” come to mean?
What is the relationship between domestic and foreign policy?
